Mother Earth Essay

These days, individuals battle a great deal to return back what I lost. They do fun hurries to raise support for tree planting, make notices to spread crusades and fine resolute individuals for sauntering around. I can now barely relax. Nurseries gasses inside my body bit by bit increments as they are being caught because of human exercises that additional increasingly more of these gases into my air. For instance, levels of carbon dioxide, a ground-breaking ozone harming substance, have ascended by 35 percent since 1750, to a great extent from the consuming of petroleum products, for example, coal, oil, and flammable gas. With increasingly ozone harming substances in the blend, my air demonstrations like a thickening cover and traps more warmth. My internal parts are getting more slender, well obviously because of human doings. Disintegration should be a characteristic wonder yet being quickened by human exercises, similar to urbanizations and poor rural practices. Without human exercises, misfortunes of soil through disintegration would in many territories presumably be adjusted by the development of new soil. In my virgin land a mantle of vegetation secures the dirt. At the point when downpour falls on a surface of grass or on the leaves of my trees, a portion of the dampness dissipates before it can arrive at the ground. Trees and grass fill in as windbreaks, and a system of roots assists with holding the dirt set up against the activity of both downpour and wind. Farming and stumbling, just as lodging, mechanical turn of events, and roadway development, notwithstanding, halfway or entirely pulverize the defensive shelter of my vegetation and significantly accelerate disintegration of particular sorts of soils. Disintegration is less extreme with yields, for example, wheat, which spread the ground uniformly, than with harvests, for example, corn and tobacco, developed in columns. I show my feelings to individuals through downpour. It is sufficient to clean out mankind. Its extraordinary fall causes flood that wrecks frameworks worked by mankind. Floods not just harm property and jeopardize the lives of people and creatures, however have different impacts too. Fast spillover causes soil disintegration just as residue affidavit issues downstream. Generating groundsâ for fish and other natural life environment are regularly obliterated. High-speed flows increment flood harm; delayed high floods postpone traffic and meddle with seepage and financial utilization of grounds. Extension projections, bank lines, sewer outfalls, and different structures inside floodways are harmed, and route and hydroelectric force are regularly impeded. Money related misfortunes because of floods are ordinarily a huge number of pesos every year. There is still trust in me. They should simply to reestablish what they have taken from me. Switch all the things that cause my difficulty. From deforestation to reforestation. Woods are a significant piece of the worldwide carbon cycle since trees and plants ingest carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. By expelling this ozone harming substance from the air, woods work as earthbound carbon sinks, which means they store a lot of carbon. Whenever, woods represent as much as twofold the measure of carbon in the climate. Indeed, even as increasingly anthropogenic carbon is created, my timberlands expel around three billion tons of anthropogenic carbon consistently. This adds up to about 30% of all carbon dioxide discharges from non-renewable energy sources. Along these lines, an expansion in the general backwoods spread far and wide would will in general alleviate an unnatural weather change. As understudies, they can do little things that can add to help me in my present state. You can abstain from tossing treats coverings, plastics of shoddy nourishments and anything that can cause flood when collected. You can join tree planting exercises done by your schools. One tree rises to one life when it develops. That’s a major thing for what's to come. Individuals please stop what you are doing that annihilates my condition particularly mountains that when I shout out overwhelming precipitation it can cause floods that can destruct your sanctuaries, works, and can likewise slaughter a portion of your friends and family. I might want you to think about me and help me to get more grounded for you, your youngsters and the following ages from your family. I will deal with them as long as you care for me.

Propeller Auxiliary Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Propeller Auxiliary Systems - Essay Example The cutting edge against icing framework known as deicing framework is an electric propeller-icing control framework that is comprised of wellspring of power vitality, a component impervious to warming, vital wiring and a control framework. In this framework, warming components are frequently mounted remotely or inside on the propeller sharp edges and spinner. Through electrical leads, electric force is moved from the airplane framework into the propeller center lastly to the edge components through adaptable connectors. A deice control framework is constrained by the pilot by utilization of on-off switches. There is additionally an ace switch for all deice frameworks and a flip switch for every propeller. Many deice frameworks may likewise incorporate extra selector switch which is valuable in modifying for overwhelming or light icing conditions and upgrade programmed exchanging consequently needn't bother with manual turning on-off by the pilot (Filippone, 2012). Icing control is accomplished by transformation of electrical vitality into heat vitality inside the warming component. Compelling and adjusted ice expulsion is critical in overseeing unnecessary vibrations and is practiced by controlling any varieties in the warming current inside the edge components to guarantee there is comparable level of warming on inverse sides of the propeller sharp edges (Filippone, 2012). This sort of hostile to icing framework is normally intended to apply capacity to the warming components to evacuate ice after its development and maintain a strategic distance from unreasonable gathering. In such manner, appropriate control of warming interims is important to forestall runback. At the point when warmth provided is sufficiently only to soften the ice shaped yet deficient to dissipate water framed, water will stream to unheated zones of the cutting edge, structures ice and results into uncontrolled icing. Cycling clocks are thusly used to stimulate warming c omponents circuits for a period somewhere in the range of fifteen and thirty seconds (Filippone, 2012). Deicing electrical control frameworks comprises of ammeters, on-off switches, flow limiters and

5 Unusual Ways to Beat Stress

5 Unusual Ways to Beat Stress 5 Unusual Ways to Beat Stress Stress is a known killer â€" it’s bad for everything, from your mind and body, to your social and professional life. When we’re feeling a little overwhelmed by life’s daily challenges and requirements, we often resort to unhealthy coping mechanisms. Of course, everybody is different, so the effect stress has on us varies. On the bright side, stress is also a necessary part of daily life, and is in fact needed to keep us going. However, extremely high levels of it are, without a doubt, deadly. Luckily, it doesn’t have to be this way, and there are endless ways in which we can minimize our stress levels; some of the most well-known ways of dealing with stress often include exercise, meditation, being creative, various relaxation techniques, and keeping a well-organized schedule and good track of your time. Other ways, however, aren’t as conventional… Here are five unusual ways to beat stress, starting with the most unusual! 1. Invest in some time at a ‘rage room’ via GIPHY I know, the word ‘invest’ can be a serious turn-off for probably most of you. But, when it comes to our health, turning out our pockets every now and then may be a given. You may have heard of the ‘rage room’, which is exactly what its name denotes â€" a room in which you can pay to get decked in full protective gear, and take out all your anger on office equipment, including computer keyboards, telephones, printers, and more â€" Office Space style. It’s perfect for stressed-out students, and certainly sounds like a hilarious amount of fun, too. For a while now, plate smashing has also been a common favorite, and if you fancy the idea, there are plenty of readily-available places that’ll offer just that.     2. Get some cuddles with animals via GIPHY Pets are wonderful in every way; they’re cute, they’re (usually) fluffy and warm, they’re fun to be around and to play with â€" and they’re the ultimate de-stressors. Studies have actually shown that interactions with animals can significantly reduce stress in humans, and petting or playing with an animal can increase levels of the stress-reducing hormone oxytocin and the happy-hormones, serotonin and dopamine. It also helps to decrease production of the stress hormone, cortisol. Of course, unless you’re living at home and commuting to uni, you’ve most likely had to leave behind the family pet and make do with only seeing them every few months when you go home, and you’re probably not allowed to keep a pet in your uni accommodation. However, you can still get your fix of animal cuddles by offering to take care of a friend or neighbor’s pet - BorrowMyDoggy is a good way to find dog-sitting opportunities. You might even get lucky enough to have your animal cuddle time arranged by your university, with the lucky students at Aberystwyth University enjoying ‘dog therapy’ during exam season! 3. Get a good whiff of lavender and the peppermint via GIPHY Good smells are, well, good in general. Being able to enjoy lovely fragrances and scents is a blessing and can work wonders to uplift our moods. Of course, we all have our preferences when it comes to what types of scents will make us feel good, but there are a few scents that are scientifically proven to help you de-stress and release those ‘good-feel’ hormones. Scents like lavender, peppermint, and lemon, for instance, are proven to be instant stress-killers. Floral scents such as rose, orange-blossom, jasmine and gardenia are my personal favorites, and will really help to soothe your state of mind. Weekly hot baths with essential oils are also an absolute must if you’re someone who struggles to keep stress levels under control, and will help you to relax physically and make a huge difference to your mental state. 4. Treat yourself to your favorite snacks â€" yes, really via GIPHY No, I am not condoning unhealthy eating habits, and I’m certainly not encouraging people to always give into their unhealthy food cravings. However, doing everything in moderation is never a terrible thing, and the same goes for food. If you’re craving that divine bar of chocolate, don’t hold back from treating yourself every now and then (emphasis on the term every now and then). Nutrition experts have consistently proven that indulging yourself here and there will actually help keep you healthier in the long run, since it prevents those awful feelings of deprivation, as well as the guilt-trips when we eventually do give into our cravings and eat too much.   Not to mention, cravings are often a sign that our body is in desperate need of a certain nutritional element, so if you’re badly craving chocolate, chances are you’re lacking in magnesium and will need to satisfy that craving (within moderation, of course) in order to regain some energy, which will inevitably help you to feel better and in turn, tackle stress. Find out what ‘brain food’ you should aim to eat during exam season here. 5. Make yourself laugh via GIPHY You’re sat at your desk doing some last-minute cramming for an exam, and have probably been studying for hours, non-stop, with your brain starting to hurt. What to do? Certainly not carry on studying, if you feel like you’re finally losing your mind from the stress. If you can, I would suggest you take a 10-minute pause from everything and go do something fun: This means logging onto YouTube and watching whatever is bound to make you laugh your head off, or getting up to play with your pet if you’re at home (remember point #2!) Laughing really helps to soothe your stress levels, lift your mood and refresh your energy for when your break is over. So next time your friend decides to crack a joke, allow yourself to switch off work-mode for a few minutes and laugh! Laughing is good for you â€" trust me. Do you have any other unusual ways to beat stress? Share them in the comments below!   via GIPHY Want more content like this?  Register for free site membership  to get regular updates on your own personal content feed.

Essay on Christians Pilgrimages to Lourdes - 1438 Words

Christians Pilgrimages to Lourdes I am going to describe what a pilgrim would do if they went to Lourdes. I will explain why Lourdes is a Christian place of pilgrimage. Then I will explain the reasons why some Christians choose to make a pilgrimage and the ways in which they may be affected. There are more important things for Christians to do than go on a pilgrimage. I am going to discuss this issue. I will offer reasons for and against this point of view. Then I will make an evaluation and include my opinion. MY PERSONAL COMMENT For this piece of coursework I will do research on the Internet, in local libraries and also in school. I am interested to find out what pilgrims†¦show more content†¦They started believing her when she told them the vision spoke to her and said I am the Immaculate Conception. This name was given to Mary because priests believe that she was sinless from birth and therefore was Immaculate. Many Christians believe your born with sin but Mary was a Conception. Bernadette visited the cave often to see the vision. The vision told Bernadette to build a church here knowing that Lourdes would soon become a place of pilgrimage. The vision also knew it would bring a great impact when meditating there because Christians may feel as an important church like they do the Church of England. The last thing the vision probably told Bernadette was to push away a rock where a small puddle lay and suddenly a spring formed. The story is the main reason why Christians go to Lourdes. The amount of people that were in Lourdes was amazing. There was people in wheelchairs, people with crutches, disabled people and people who were fine. Most of them were holding signs saying where they had travelled from. I joined in the daily procession and enjoyed every moment. We all held lit candles that were placed in plastic cups to protect the flame. They symbolised Gods grace within each and every one of them. (The light) We were also singing the hymn Ave Maria meaning Praise to Mary. I felt great being a part of this tremendousShow MoreRelatedPilgrimage Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesPilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place. The holy places that Christians choose to visit on pilgrimage can include; where a saint lived, where a relic of a saint is kept, where a vision occurred or where Jesus lived. To travel to holy places (such as Rome or Lourdes) is in itself considered a part of the pilgrimage. Originally pilgrims would have walked and maybe met with other groups on the way. Some choose to make the journey alone or as a group, e.g.Read MoreExploring Pilgrimage Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesExploring Pilgrimage Pilgrimage is a journey to sacred places that are inspired by religious devotion. The place that is visited is usually where events have happened in the past that are relevant or important to what the pilgrim believes. Pilgrimage is an ancient custom which has changed over many years. It used to be a long and dangerous journey, but now many treat it like a holiday. A very early example of a pilgrim was Hsà ¼an Tsang, a 7th century Chinese Buddhist;Read MoreExplaining the Term Miracle Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagescannot be explained by scientific methods; something that we believe cannot occur naturally. A miracle involves a breach or violation of the laws of nature. Usually miracles are thought of as something that has a religious significance. Christians believe that a miracle is a sign of the power of God. The essential Catholic hand book has this to say on miracles; An occurrence that alters the laws of nature and is a sign of Gods presence in the world. St AugustineRead MoreExploring Why Christians Go on Pilgrimages Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Why Christians Go on Pilgrimages I will start this essay by explaining why some Christians go on pilgrimages and will go on to explain in detail the effect this might have on them. I will also share experiences that others have had and the life changing experiences they’ve had. A pilgrim is one who travels to sacred places but in a more detailed form, a pilgrim is a believer in a faith or the follower of a religion who travels to sacred places within or outsideRead MoreMiracles Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesstill look upon at as a miracle. The word miracle is sometimes used for manufacturing purposes; This moisturiser works miracles! Again, it depends on ones personal definition of a miracle as to whether this is true or not. For Christians a miracle is a sign, or something of significance pointing towards Jesus, showing his divine power, which includes the power of God acting in, with or through Jesus. Miracles didnt just take place when Jesus was alive; The Old TestamentRead MoreMauritius Presentation2185 Words   |  9 Pagesencourage ‘Harmonious Separatism’ which means communal relations within Mauritius. Religion Currently in Mauritius most of the country is of a Hindu faith. The facts and Figure of the countries religions is Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, other Christian 8.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other 2.5%, Unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2%. Data above collated from http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_rel_all-religion-religions-all Culture Festivities occur frequently in Mauritius and all have a peaceful and harmonistRead MoreEssay about The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway4189 Words   |  17 Pagesof Paris is clearly suggested by the events preceding as well as following their arrival at Bourgete. Bill and Jakes encounter with the Catholics on the train who, not insignificantly, travel to Biarrritz and Lourdes - the largest Catholic religion pilgrimage locations in France. In Lourdes, for example, in 1858 the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared to a girl in the Grotto of Massabielle. The spring water from the grotto is believed to possess healing properties and the Roman Catholic Church has officiallyRead MoreThe History and Structure of the Travel and Tourism Sector Essay9258 Words   |  38 PagesDiane Quinn diane quinn THE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Task one:- LO1 - Explain the key historical developments in the travel and tourism sector. You should provide a concise outline of key developments from the pilgrimages to the current day and conclude with future developments. You need to refer to the growth of the package holiday as a key development and explain its current position within the sector. With use of industry examples explain the structure of theRead MoreCultural Tourism4485 Words   |  18 Pagesimmigration form the major background of much contemporary heritage tourism. Falling travel costs have also made heritage tourism possible for more people. Another possible form involves religious travel or pilgrimages. Many Catholics from around the world come to the Vatican and other sites such as Lourdes or Fà ¡tima. Large numbers of Jews have both visited Israel and emigrated there. Many have also gone to Holocaust sites and memorials. Islam commands its followers to take the hajj to Mecca, thus differentiating

Functional Families Components Communication, Family...

Functional Families an Analysis of Three Components: Communication, Family Roles, and Problem Solving David Wilson Texas AM University Corpus Christi Introduction The structure of a family plays an essential role within a functional family. When analyzing family function there are numerous variables that define functionality, but the defining characteristics are those correlated to understanding the behavior and conflicts within the family. There are three types of structure that define the behaviors and conflicts within a family, which are in the form of communication, role allocation, and problem solving. Similar to a system, each structure serves a purpose and contributes to the functionality as a whole. These three structural components will define a paradigm for a functional family. Communication One of the most common forms that dictate family function is basic exchange of information within the family. There are two components to communication, verbal and nonverbal interactions; within a healthy family both are expressed proficiently (Peterson, 2009). Information can be communicated concisely, however the nonverbal interaction dictates how the communication is perceived. This involves not only responding to what is communicated but also showing empathy to the other. Empathy shows members that they are being listened to as well as create unity within the group, which results in an increase in the behavior of effective communication (Oceja, Heerdink, Stocks,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Circumplex Model1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage and Family are very important aspects of the human experience. These two units play vital roles in who individuals are and who they may become. Many times issues or problems arise in the marriage and family structure thus, requiring therapy in order to make matters better. The Circumplex Model of Family and Marriage has been used and has been affective in the treatment process when helping dysfunctional families. The Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Therapy developed byRead MoreDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy A therapist will face problems, issues and client troubles everyday. The professional must understand how their client relates to the world around them. These feelings and ideas affect how the client sees the problem and how they respond to their situation. Their actions, in turn, have bearing on individual thoughts, needs, and emotions. The therapist must be aware of the clients history, values, and culture in order to provideRead MoreExposure Therapy : Exposure Techniques For A Controlled And Systematic Method1449 Words   |  6 PagesExposure Therapy Exposure techniques allow for a controlled and systematic method of bringing Jakki into contact with feared events, dreams and people in her life. The therapist and Jakki will work together to develop a functional assessment, hierarchy of feared stimuli or events (from highly to mildly distressing), addressing each from high to low. Exposure needs to continue until Jakki’s stress level drops by at least half. By using exposure techniques, both vivo and in vivo, Jakki’s fear structureRead More Addressing Safety in Home Care Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided to patients in their homes to restore their functional capacity, to allow them to manage their care independently, and to enable them to remain safely in the community† (Panasci, 2009, p.190). The writer received consent from the Home Support Team Manager from the Prince Albert Parkland Health Region (PAPHR) who will be referred to as O.S. By conducting an interview in conjunction with O.S, the writ er gained insight into the manager’s role, challenges, and ensuring OHS practices. For theRead MoreHuman Breast Milk : A Review On Its Composition And Bioactivity1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmyriad of biologically active components. These molecules possess diverse roles, both guiding the development of the infants immune system and intestinal microbiota. Orchestrating the development of the microbiota are the human milk oligosaccharides, the synthesis of which are determined by the maternal genotype. In this review, we discuss the composition of breast milk and the factors that affect it during the course of breast feeding. Understanding the components of breast milk and their functionsRead MoreEssay about The Generalist Practice: A Balance of Art and Science1515 Words   |  7 Pages The art of promoting a functional world and society is not as simple as solving a problem, rather it requires one to study, understand, develop, evaluate, apply, and assess the most suitable methods for promoting the overall well-being of the individuals, groups, communities, and organizations in the macro environment. Human beings are the product of our environment, nature, and nurture, thus the generalist practitioner must strive to understand the interrelationship among such agents of influenceRead MoreFamily Health Assessment2074 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: FAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT Family Health Assessment Thresiamma John Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Stout, Kimberly March 11 2012 Family Health Assessment Introduction A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelman Mandle, 2011). 1987 Marjorie Gordon purposed 11 functional health patterns to use for guidance in order to facilitate nurses to have a frame work for the family assessmentRead MoreChild And Adolescent Behavioral Health Final Examination1188 Words   |  5 Pagesyouth worldwide, and although it is the children who experience symptoms directly, implications associated with mental illness can impact entire families (Richardson, Cobham, McDermott Murray, 2013). As such, healthcare systems are being redesigned to include a focus on family-centeredness. In the case of children’s mental health specifically, family-centered coordinated care represents an understanding of treatment, not only derived from the child’s experience, but also from the parents’ and caregivers’Read MoreThe Importance Of A Licensed Educator And Applied Behavior Analyst Working With A Diverse Group O f High980 Words   |  4 Pageswith appropriate response time and trials necessary facilitate communication and problem solving. Effective assessments give students feedback on how well they understand the information and on what they need to improve, while helping educator’s better design instruction and instructional supports. â€Å"Assessment becomes even more relevant when students become involved in their own assessment†. When educators promote students the active role in developing the scoring criteria, self-evaluation, and goalRead MoreEssay On Advocacy Strategies1286 Words   |  6 Pagestheir families. The usage of alcohol is a persistent public health problem. There are numerous steps for to undertake within a team as a leader. The policy strategies implementation that inclined the minimum legal drinking age, reduce the social access of adolescents to alcohol, and to reduce the economic availability of alcohol. A variety of prevention efforts have including multiple components in terms of family, schools, communities, and media. In addition, Communities play an important role in supporting

A Holistic View Of Data Migration - 852 Words

This is one of the very crucial iterations of my internship which is aimed to give a holistic view of data migration process. This phase is allocated maximum possible time with the goal of understanding the basic principles and guidelines that are part of typical data migration process. In this iteration the agenda is to know and understand the concepts of data migration and thingsthat necessitatedata migration, how does a data migration strategy look like, what are the pre requisites for a good migration strategy, roles involved and their responsibilities in the entire work flow, technology required, objectives at each phase, end to end data flow, adherence of a strategy to the business rules and requirements that govern the process and outcomes of migration work process. I am expected to be knowledgeable of applications business domains that are part of the migration. There might be multiple source systems or legacy systems that need to be considered as part of the data conversion and migration and it is expected to understand a reasonable portion of the intended use of each of these underlying source systems. One of the other activities in the agenda is to give a deep dive in to the different stages of migration and the connectivity between the stages of Extract, Transform and Load. Introduction to various environments that host or stage the data is also part of the plan.It is also anticipated to have introduction to the data flow and conversion from source toShow MoreRelatedIn the 21st century, significant researchers, organizations and policy makers are advocating the1600 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth in sex slavery (Hocking Muthu, 2012; Kotnik, et al., 2007; Smith, 2011; Teshome, 2011), however some authors such as Bales and Griffiths (2010) point out the rising feminist view has contributed to only exposing an ever-present but hidden crime (C arson, 2011; Griffiths, 2010). Yet there are equally opposing views that challenge the modern paradigms, such as the perplexing definition of sex slaves, the influence of neoliberalism behind policy framework and the consideration of influential factorsRead MoreBuilding A Target Conformant And Flexible Enterprise Architecture1464 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to develop specific enterprise architecture. 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As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Challenges Of Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems1460 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change and variability (CCV) is one of the greatest challenges to Smallholder Dairy Farmin g Systems (SDFS) yet demand for Animal Source Foods (ASF) is projected to rise (FAO, 2011) due to population growth, urban migration coupled with increased spending in developing countries as a result of improved incomes (Giovannucci et al., 2012). In Kenya SDFS form one of the most important key livelihood strategies of rural communities with dominance over the national milk sector accounting for 80%Read MoreUsing Data Warehouse Systems And Human Resource Management1902 Words   |  8 Pagesacquisitions in recent years, Global Payments facing many challenges connecting various data warehouse systems and applications throughout the organization. Data sharing become a major issue. It is sometimes impossible to access certain systems within the organization due to different technology and security. Dependency upon each entity or individual to send their data or report can lead to greater risk of getting incorrect data interpretation or errors. As we continue to support more interna l and externalRead MoreEssay about Integrated Case Study: Bandon Group, Inc.1388 Words   |  6 Pagesbuild a more integrated information system structure that ensures the following business goals: * Standardize business processes and reduce redundancy * Reduce IT expenses and maximize outcomes associated with IT dollars * Improve data migration and data sharing techniques * Implement e-business solutions to remain competitive with other copier dealers upgrading to ERP solutions The study will identify the business direction of the organization over the next 3-5 years. 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Activity essay free essay sample

On July 20th, 2008, Chengdu airport, a gray rainy day, the scenes along the road shocked me. The buildings and trees were razed to the ground. Miserable and despondent people wandered along the road. A subtle dirge can be heard in the quiet street. There was a smell of death in the air; the atmosphere was depressing. On May 12th, 2008, a disastrous earthquake erupted in China, which caused 69,197 people to die and wounded another 374,176 people. When I heard this shocking news, I could not help worrying about Sichuan. I once travelled to Sichuan. I memorized the cloudless sky. I memorized the clear Min River. I memorized the happy sounds of talking people. Now everything was broken. The donation of money could not satisfy me – I wanted to provide my help directly and assume my social responsibility. To my surprise, the camp was not as bad or as rough as I thought: many families lived in houses built with special plastic boards. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I started my volunteer work with registering the information of the victims. When I was typing the information, I was shocked – almost every family lost some members. I felt depressed for the victims, especially for the children. How can they grow up happily? It made me want to help more for the victims. So I decided to work with the students of East China Normal University because one volunteer’s power was negligible, but with thousands of people we can do great service for the victims. I easily melded into the team and became friends with the students; we had the same goal and willingness to help. We rented one of the board houses and decorated the room into a kindergarten. We were designated to a certain child – mine was Xinyue Hu – and tried to make them forget about their depression by telling stories, playing games and teaching English. After several days, when I was telling the Snow White story to Xinyue Hu, she interrupted me at the end and invit ed me to her house. I suddenly felt depressed and sympathetic toward her because nearly all the buildings in the city had been damaged. She didn’t notice the strangeness in my face; instead, she just kept talking, â€Å"I had two houses. One is here. The other is in the process of rebuilding. My family will move back soon.† When I heard this, I began to feel hope and confidence. The houses and buildings could be destroyed, but we would rebuild them even better. Although one Chinese cliche states that, â€Å"Each one sweeps the snow from his own doorstep and doesnt bother about the frost on their neighbor’s roof,† we held together and made a donation of nearly 76.7 billion RMB when we were challenged by the natural disaster. Many volunteers from different provinces and jobs flocked into Sichuan for help. Some people even moved their entire families to Sichuan. The experience gave me a chance to assume social responsibility but also to contribute to the re building of Sichuan, also a mental inspiration. By telling stories, playing games and teaching English to the children, I gained a true happiness. We were like a big family and treated the children as our brothers and sisters. I miss them all and would definitely return. It also made me believe the individual’s power is little when faced with huge disasters and problems; only through cooperation and teamwork can we change the situation and succeed. By the way, the camp’s name was Happy Family.

The Impact of Technology on the Learning and Teaching of Mathematics

Introduction The processes of teaching and learning have experienced significant changes in the 21st century due to changes taking place in the society. One of the changes has been with regard to the application of technology in learning. Pierce and Ball (2009) acknowledge that teachers today have an extensive range of sophisticated technology available to them.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Technology on the Learning and Teaching of Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technologies such as Mathematics software, scientific calculators, spreadsheets, and statistical packages have become commonplace in many classrooms. This is in sharp contrast to the traditional mathematics classroom, which was dominated by pen and paper. BECTA (2003) asserts that the technology has â€Å"changed the nature of teaching and learning in maths† (p.1). The changes have been widespread due to government action through the National Curriculum. BECTA (2003) states that the National Curriculum has made the use of ICT in Mathematics a statutory requirement and all Secondary school students therefore have to make use of technology in their studies. These changes caused by the use of technology have had some profound impacts on how teachers teach the subject of mathematics and how students engage in learning. This paper will set out to critically analyze the impact that technology has had on the teaching and learning of Secondary Mathematics. ICT and Mathematics Over the last two decades, educational authorities in the country have worked hard to promote the use of ICT resources in the classroom setting. This move has been motivated by the need to improve the efficiency of teaching and learning as well as the need to ensure that students are properly prepared for their interaction with the real world. Safdar et al. (2011) rightfully observe that the major goal of the teaching-learning pr ocess is to give students with skills that will help them earn livelihoods in future and become useful society members. It is therefore important for the education offered to conform to the development and innovations of the time. Mathematics is one of the subjects that have experienced significant interaction with technology. This interaction has led to a number of impacts on learning and teaching of mathematics. Impact on Teaching Positive Impacts Use of technology serves as a motivation for teachers due to the positive outcomes achieved. Technology leads to teaching that is more effective and this leads to better performance for the students. Teachers are therefore motivated in their work due to these good results. Some research on the attitude of teachers to teaching with technology found that most experienced teachers, with strong mathematics backgrounds were at first half-hearted about teaching with technology (Pierce Ball 2009).Advertising Looking for report on educatio n? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This lack of enthusiasm for technology was the result of an assumption that using technology would not enhance student learning. However, this lack of enthusiasm is only temporal in nature. Research indicates that while some teachers might express their reservations to using technology for teaching mathematics at first, these reservations do not last (Mkomange et al. 2012). As the students demonstrate good outcomes, a change occurs in teacher’s believes and attitudes. This leads to changes in teacher practice to incorporate technology in teaching the subject. Technology fosters the development of a culture of effective teaching by teachers. When using technology, teachers are encouraged to broaden curriculum objectives, make use of more problem solving examples and utilize an inquiry-based approach to learning (Jurdak 2004). The speed of doing calculations using technology also frees up tim e for deeper learning. A study by Safdar et al. (2011) on the effectiveness of teaching mathematics through technology as compared to using traditional teaching methods found that teaching mathematics with technology led to better academic achievements by the students. This suggests that technology use as a teaching strategy in mathematics leads to more effective teaching leading to an enhancement of students’ academic achievements. Teaching mathematics with technology enhances the teacher’s ability to teach students about problem solving. Technology assists teachers in the construction of realistic complex problems in the class setting. These problems are modelled after real world problems that the student might encounter in real life. By this means, mathematics uses problem solving to create contexts that simulate real life. Problem solving is an integral part of all mathematics learning and teachers are required to help students develop the skills needed to solve pr oblems through the subject of mathematics (Mkomange et al. 2012). Technology has been used to help cope with some of the â€Å"hard to teach† aspects of secondary mathematics. Students are wary of some mathematical topics such as geometry and trigonometry. In the traditional classrooms, teachers were often unable to make use of appropriate tools to simply the topic and foster student understanding.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Impact of Technology on the Learning and Teaching of Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology enables teachers to make use of learning aids that are designed to exploit the student’s visualization and modelling power to solve problems. Software applications such as Computer-Aided Design assist teachers to come up with simplified and interesting ways of teaching these hard topics in mathematics. For example, some powerful 3D applications make it possible to manipulate solid geometrical figures such as cones and cubes therefore fostering understanding by the student. By use of such ICT tools, students will find it easier to comprehend the subject matter and they will be inspired to learn. Teachers on the other hand will be inspired by the positive outcomes from the students. Teaching mathematics with technology gives the teacher more tools with which to offer instructions to the students. A critical role of the teacher is to explain different concepts to the students and ensure that they understand the material being presented. Unlike in the traditional setting where the teacher was confined to relying on drawings and handmade models, technology offers a wider variety of teaching aids. Jurdak (2004) states that technology enables teachers to make use of simulations to better elaborate certain mathematical concepts. The ability of the teacher to explain mathematical concepts is facilitated by technology. BECTA (2004) confirms that th is technology contributes to the effectiveness of teaching by offering ways through which the teacher can model abstract ideas and concepts. Negative Impacts Using technology might reduce the control that the teacher has in the class setting. This might lead to the belief that technology is detrimental to the learning process. In the traditional method of teaching, the teacher was at the centre of the learning process. He/she exercised control in the class and tightly directed classroom discussion and student activity. Technology takes away this control and significantly changes the classroom practice. Pierce and Ball (2009) demonstrate that use of technology promotes a ‘student-centred’ model of learning where the individual student is able to explore the mathematical topic being studied using technology.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When students have too much control, the teacher might perceive that his/her teaching efforts are hindered by technology. The beliefs and attitude of the teacher are importantly linked to his/her classroom practice. A belief by the teacher that teaching mathematics with technology is detrimental will lead to classroom practices that do not promote technology. The use of technology in teaching mathematics requires major changes to teaching practices. In most cases, the teacher will be required to adopt new teaching methods in order to exploit the technology resources available. Teaching mathematics with technology necessitates a significant change in the operation of teachers who have been teaching the subject using traditional methods, and who were themselves taught in traditional mathematics classrooms. Mkomange et al. (2012) reveal that teachers are likely to teach mathematics in the same way they are taught. Since majority of the experienced teachers were taught in the traditiona l classroom that did not make use of technology, they are therefore inclined to use the same methods for their students. The additional effort required to familiarize themselves with teaching mathematics with technology might dissuade most teachers from adopting a favourable outlook to technology since this will require additional effort. The increased workload for the teacher as he/she learns how to use the new technology is best articulated by Fuglestad (2011) who declares that familiarization with technology implies â€Å"not just learning to handle the computer with software and other digital tools, but relating the technology to the other knowledge areas† (p.3). Teaching efficiency for some teachers will reduce as they learn how to incorporate technology in their teaching practice. Teaching requires the teacher to demonstrate a deep level of understanding on the subject. When using technology, the teacher should have an in-depth knowledge of the digital tools to be used and demonstrate proficiency in using them. Ball et al. (2008) asserts that the teacher must know enough to enable him/her to guide the students as they use the technology to come up with solutions to the mathematical problems. Impact on Learning Positive Impacts Technology enhances learning in students by promoting interaction between students. BECTA (2003) reveal that through technology it is easier for students to share their findings and engage in discussions on various topics. An important concept is that technology encouraged interaction between students even when there was no supervision from the teachers. Effective use of collaboration to solve problems is one of the important lessons that educators hope to impart on students through their education since collaboration plays a crucial role in most work environments. The educational experience of the student is therefore enriched by the use of technology when ideas such as collaboration are emphasized upon. Technology encourag es students to take part in trial and error processes as they learn. In the traditional method where students utilize pencil and paper, students are pressured to get the answer right in the first trial. If they do not know how to go about achieving this, they are unlikely to experiment since the traditional method is time consuming and labour intensive. Using technology, students are provided with the means to compute mathematical problems in a speedy manner. Fuglestad (2011) demonstrates that as a result, technology encourages students to engage in trial and error to arrive at a solution to the question. When the student fails to get the right answer at the fist try, he can easily start over again until the correct answer is reached. As such, technology drives students to exercise independence in their search for answers. This increases self-efficacy, a quality that is desirable in students. Use of technology increases the interest that students have in the subject. Most applicatio ns are designed in such a manner that they appeal to the student through diverse presentation styles and engaging format. The student’s interest in learning is therefore triggered and maintained. Increase in interest is a desired quality since it leads to higher levels of understanding. When teachers make use of interactive whiteboards, they are able to present material in a lively and engaging way. BECTA (2004) states that active engagement is encouraged when whiteboards are used since these tools increase enjoyment of the learning process for the student. This engagement is associated with gains in motivation and this leads to good performance. Better learning outcomes are therefore promoted by the use of technology in Mathematics since the students’ learning experience is made enjoyable. Students make use of portable equipment such as laptops and PDAs in their learning. They are therefore able to carry their class work with them even outside the class environment. T echnology therefore makes it possible for the student to take part in continual knowledge construction as they use their portable equipment outside the class setting (Niess 2005). Student understanding of mathematical concepts is therefore enhanced since they interact with the subject even outside class. Technology assists in the development of a positive attitude to learning mathematics. Most Secondary school students perceive mathematics to be one of the more challenging subjects. They therefore have a negative outlook concerning the subject and this contributes to the poor results especially among lower achieving students. Use of ICT devices in the class leads to the development of a more positive outlook. Pierce and Ball (2009) state that most students demonstrate an improved attitude to learning mathematics when they are given the opportunity to work with technology. This is partly because of the personal pleasure that student derive from using computers. Technology fosters dee per understanding of mathematical concepts and rules. Students using calculators and computers are able to work at higher levels of generalization and abstraction. Research indicates that by use of technology, students are able to learn more mathematics more deeply. A key characteristic of technology is that it saves the student from having to engage in the time involving manual labour of computations (Jeng et al. 2010). In tasks such as drawing graphs, the student only needs to enter the correct data and the computer program will generate the graph. The student is therefore left with more time to engage in more important parts of learning mathematics such as analysing the computations made in a particular problem. Negative Impacts Technology might discourage learning in some students. While some students are encouraged to from a positive attitude to mathematics through technology, others are discouraged by the same. Research indicates that female secondary students are likely to de velop negative attitudes when exposed to computer-based mathematics (Pierce Ball 2009). These negative outcomes are prompted by the significantly lower confidence in female students about using technology. Use of technology can be detrimental to the learning process due to the high level of autonomy that students might have. In using technology, students might have to concentrate on their mobile devices or computers unlike in the traditional setting where all the attention would be focused on the teacher. When using their individual devices, it can be hard for the teacher to monitor student activity. Safdar et al. (2011) assert that this might lead to significant problems as students might deviate from the current lesson. Without following the guidance of the teacher the student’s performance in the subject will suffer. Discussion Technology is becoming more prevalent in our society today. In can be expected that technology will be incorporated in teaching and learning mathe matics even more extensively in the coming years. Teachers need to be adequately prepared for the transition from a traditional mathematics classroom to one where technology is used as a core part of the teaching process. Jurdak (2004) notes that even with the most sophisticated technology in place, significant enhancement in teaching and learning cannot be realized if teachers are not adequately trained to utilize the technology for teaching purposes. The school administration can assist in providing additional training opportunities for teachers to enable them to learn how to utilize the technology in an effective manner. Conclusion This paper set out to assess the impacts of teaching mathematics with technology. The paper has revealed that use of technology improves students’ learning and leads to better results in mathematics. Through this paper, it is clear that use of technology supports students in their appreciation of mathematics and fosters a deeper mathematical und erstanding. The effectiveness of teacher is increased when they make use of technology. The paper has acknowledged that technology has some notable negative effects on the teaching and learning of mathematics. However, these negative impacts can be overcome by improving the teachers’ proficiency in technology and ensuring that students are properly supervised as they interact with technology. References Ball, DL, Thames, M Phelps, G 2008, ‘Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special?’, Journal of teacher education, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 389-407. BECTA 2003, What the Research says about using ICT in Maths, Department for Education and Skills, Norwich. BECTA 2004, Embedding ICT at Secondary: Use of interactive whiteboards in mathematics, Department for Education and Skills, Norwich. Fuglestad, B 2011, Challenges Teachers Face With Integrating ICT With An Inquiry Approach in Mathematics, http://www.cerme7.univ.rzeszow.pl/WG/15a/CERME7-WG15A-Paper02_Fuglesta d.pdf. Jeng, Y, Wu, T, Huang, YM, Tan, Q Yang, S 2010, ‘The Add-on Impact of Mobile Applications in Learning Strategies: A Review Study’, Educational Technology Society, vol. 13, no.3, pp.3–11. Jurdak, M 2004, Technology and Problem Solving in Mathematics: Myths and Reality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology in Mathematics Education, Lebanon. Mkomange, C, Bahati, I Ajagbe, M 2012, ‘The Roles and Importance of Technology in Mathematics Teaching and Learning-A Literature Review’, IJCRB, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 476-486. Niess, ML 2005, ‘Scaffolding Math Learning with Spreadsheets’, Learning and Leading with Technology, vol. 32, no. 5, pp.24-48. Pierce, R Ball, L 2009, ‘Perceptions that may affect teachers’ intention to use technology in secondary mathematics classes’, Educational Studies in Mathematics, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 299–317. Safdar, A, Yousuf, M, Parveen, Q Malik, G 2011, ‘Eff ectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Teaching Mathematics at Secondary Level’, International Journal of Academic Research, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 67-72. This report on The Impact of Technology on the Learning and Teaching of Mathematics was written and submitted by user Skyler Miles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of Telephone Hacking essays

History of Telephone Hacking essays I. Introduction - The 60s and 70s III. The Technical Aspects That Allowed Phreaking To Work VI. Whats Left For The Phreaking Community VII. Bibliography.I. Introduction - The 60s and 70s Its hard for one not to be familiar with the state of our nation in the 60s and70s. The period was arguably the high point of independent thought for the century. Average, everyday people began to question and disagree with aspects of society that had formerly been respected and revered. The new line of thinking greatly influenced the way society would advanced through that period. The period in question was marked by a particularly hostile attitude towards those who were in positions of authority. The public was unhappy with the events surrounding the Vietnam War. For the first time, there was a large number of people who felt the need to speak up for what they believed in, even if it was against the government. The nation began to see the laying of foundations towards equal civil rights and disarmament, and the rebirth of independent thought. Change tends to be popular for the younger generations. Older people are more set in their ways. Some would say that the generation gap is the chasm between differing points of view. The older generations of the 60s and 70s grew up with the idea that the government acted only in the best interests of the people, and that one should support the government in all ways possible. However, the inquisitive nature of the younger generation naturally caused them to tack the more defiant path. So, it is not hard to imagine that the new line of thinking that developed during this period bloomed from mediums related to the younger generations. For instance, pop culture contributed to this new way of thinking. If any one area contributed most to the new way of thinking, it would surely be the areas of higher education. C...

Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Report - Research Paper Example 1). Indeed, one basic hurdle to SRNA’s senior management’s decision to shift a long-standing and all-public service strategy of construction and maintenance to one focused on procurement and contracting out is SRNA’s organisational culture. The proposed changes will inevitably lead to redundancies and an explosion in services outsourced. Expectedly, upper management’s suggestions are met with great resistance as is shown in provided case. The case for change is, in fact, hard to ‘sell’ among staff given SRNA’s senior management’s practices evidenced in poor knowledge management strategies. This report argues that, in order for SRNA to diffuse and manage change effectively among staff, network-based, knowledge-sharing strategies should be put in place. Since devolution, Scotland has barely shifted away from a ‘public sector mentality’ (Lyall, n.d.). Resistance to propositions by upper management comes, therefore, as no surprise. Placed in a wider context, outsourcing public services – road building services included – is, in fact, a continuation of a set of policies enacted across all U.K. (Lyall). Indeed, just as outsourcing services has generated much opposition since introduction back in 1980’s (Dodworth, M. & Constable, M., 2006), SRNA’s staff’s opposition to suggested changes is only symptomatic of such shift’s main arguments: employee As a matter of fact, all three issues are not only a U.K. concern but are spread about as much countries as can be wherever and whenever a case is made for outsourcing (Hemson). Indeed, one can hardly find a similar issue in which almost same concerns are voiced. In SRNA’s case, Henry Irving’s, Director General’s (DG’s), practice of surrounding himself with a narrow circle of senior executives adds a particular emphasis on SRNA’s case for knowledge management in a wider context of an eminent change. More specifically, SRNA strongly

Stanford Prison Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stanford Prison Experiment - Essay Example Another significant violation in this study was the lack of impartiality and distance of the researcher from the experiment. He became so much a part of the study that his personal bias and role took over his obligation to maintain the required impartiality. Thirdly, there was an inadequate establishment of appropriate boundaries and limitations on how far the prison environment could be replicated in an experiment. The experiment also did not respect the individual rights of the participants who took on the role of the prisoners. There were significant violations of human rights of the prisoners which are untenable in the atmosphere of a scientific experiment. The privacy of the prisoner participants was violated to an unacceptable degree, for example by making them repeatedly clean out their toilets by hand. Such acts were not strictly necessary in replicating a prison environment and violated accepted norms of fairness and decency. The response to prisoner Number 6419 who was genuinely traumatized by the experiment was not appropriate, because he was expected to accept continued torture rather than his fears and discomfort being acknowledged and his release arranged. The experiment on the whole, overstepped the ethical boundaries of impartial scientific research in its replication of the prison environment. Zimbardo’s reaction to the experiment was not that of an impartial researcher. When it first started going out of control with the prisoners resorting to rebellion, he in effect, allowed the guards free rein on controlling the rebellion, permitting them to use means that should have been unacceptable within the constraints of a research environment. As the experiment progressed, he began to react more like a prison authority and less like a researcher and an impartial observer. It appears likely that part of the reason for the experiment going out of control in the first place was the lack of establishment of

Alexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Alexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Essay Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different political views, which is why our first president, George Washington, had them both in his cabinet. Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, while Jefferson was the first Secretary of State. These differences begin with who they thought should govern and what type of government was the best. Hamilton thought we should have a strong central government in the interests of commerce and industry, while having the national government in charge. However, Jefferson felt that the people should rule with a decentralized, agrian government in the terms of freedom and the people should rule themselves. They also had conflicting ideas for what economy suited us best, Hamilton believing it to be industrial and Jefferson believing the best was agricultural. Along with those conflicts, they didnt agree with how the constitution was to be interpreted. Hamilton was a loose constructionist, wanting to stick closer to the thought of the central government ruling. Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing that the constitution was to be followed closely. Lastly, their difference in ideas helped formed political factions. They became two sides, the Federalists and the Antifederalists or Republicans. Alexander Hamiltons side was the Federalists, they stood for the urban mercantile interests of the seaports. Thomas Jeffersons was the Republicans who represented the southern and rural interests. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different political views, which is why our first president, George Washington, had them both in his cabinet. Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, while Jefferson was the first Secretary of State. These differences begin with who they thought should govern and what type of government was the best. Hamilton thought we should have a strong central government in the interests of commerce and industry, while having the national government in charge. However, Jefferson felt that the people should rule with a decentralized, agrian government in the terms of freedom  and the people should rule themselves. They also had conflicting ideas for what economy suited us best, Hamilton believing it to be industrial and Jefferson believing the best was agricultural. Along with those conflicts, they didnt agree with how the constitution was to be interpreted. Hamilton was a loose constructionist, wanting to stick closer to the thought of the central government ruling. Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing that the constitution was to be followed closely. Lastly, their difference in ideas helped formed political factions. They became two sides, the Federalists and the Antifederalists or Republicans. Alexander Hamiltons side was the Federalists, they stood for the urban mercantile interests of the seaports. Thomas Jeffersons was the Republicans who represented the southern and rural interests.

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Childcare Management Business people love to create new opportunities, ideas, and products to make a profit. When America’s businesses added women to their workforce and with the rise of single-parent households, the need for childcare arose, which is a wonderful business opportunity for those people who see the need for affordable quality childcare and are able to envision innovative ways to provide this service. The adequacy or lack of quality childcare affects society as well as the businesses employing those who use childcare services. I picked the topic of childcare management because in the future I want to be an entrepreneur in the childcare industry. I want to research the childcare field as much as possible to learn about the unique opportunities and challenges I will face as a new business owner in the childcare industry. The business of childcare is a national problem. There are several reasons for the lack of good, affordable childcare in most communities. The lack of childcare affects the success or failure of businesses and their employees with children younger than schoolage. Some workplaces offer childcare but at such a price or with such bad service that the workers don’t want to leave their children. Some parents are forced, due to the lack of a suitable childcare facility, to leave their children unattended. Others make the decision to quit the workforce to care for their children. Another reason for the need of good of childcare facilities is the lack of adequate teachers and employee turnover in the childcare industry. This is due to lower pay, usually minimum wage, and the challenges of keeping the worker/child ratio at or greater than the law requires with the business remaining profitable. Many of the workers leave the industry in order to find better paying or less stressful jobs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regardless of the reasons childcare is needed. It is needed. We need the support of the government, corporate America, and the children’s families to produce positive results for the communities. With the advancement of both single and second income parents into the workplace, there is a growing need for quality childcare. This could be seen as not just nine to five childcare but, childcare that could be needed day or night since corporate America runs twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. Some parents would rather work in their chosen careers and enroll their children in daycare rather than lose the income and care for the children themselves.

Main sources of water pollution in urban areas versus rural areas Essay

Water constitutes approximately 70 percent of the earth’s surface and therefore it is a significant resource (Krantz and Kifferstein (n. d. ). It is a vital resource for without water, life would cease to exist on earth. It is however unfortunate that despite being a precious commodity, water pollution is existent everywhere ranging from the rural areas to the urban areas. The World Factbook (2010, p. 1) defines pollution as â€Å"the contamination of a healthy environment by man-made waste. † In case of water pollution, there is introduction of large amounts of substances into the water rendering it unsuitable for intended use. Water pollutants are classified as either point source pollution or non-point source pollution. Either way, these occur in both rural and urban places but with differing magnitude. It is also notable that major sources of water pollution differ in urban and rural areas. This paper compares and contrasts between major water pollutants in rural and urban areas. Causes of water pollution in rural areas It is notable that water pollution in rural areas mainly affects ground water since ground water forms the major source of water for rural populations. Ground water is usually contaminated in case there are leakages and in the ground tanks or in case of municipal landfills. As earlier stated, water pollution can be point source pollution or nonpoint source pollution. In point source pollution; there is direct introduction of pollutants into the water as opposed to nonpoint source pollution whereby pollutants are indirectly introduced into the water. Krantz and Kifferstein (n. d. ) provide that run-off fertilizer is a good example of nonpoint water pollution whereas oil spill is a good illustration of point water pollution. From this illustration, it is evident that nonpoint forms of water pollution are more likely to be found in rural areas whereas point pollution is more likely to be witnessed in urban areas. In rural areas, the main source of water pollution is surface-runoff. This introduces a variety of pollutants especially chemicals that are used for agricultural purposes. Nitrates and phosphorous are commonly used in farming more so in European countries such as England, Wales and Ireland. These countries have gone to the extent of classifying some farms as nitrate vulnerable zones to indicate that the farms can easily cause nitrate pollution. The risk of nitrate and phosphorous pollution increases depending on the time when the fertilizers are applied, the rate at which the fertilizers are applied, how fertilizers are handled and the distance between the point where fertilizers are applied and watercourses (Murray, 2010). An increase in nitrates and phosphorus causes aquatic plants to proliferate thus causing oxygen depletion as well as turbidity not to mention the clogging of water passages. This is detrimental to aquatic life as well as dependants of aquatic resources. It is notable that run-off water pollution is also referred to as diffuse water pollution and it also entails run-off from farm buildings as well as farm roads. Manure is also likely to be washed down into water bodies during rainfall periods thus acting as a diffuse water pollution source. A study carried out by Nkwonta and Ochieng 2009) in Soghanguve area, rural South Africa, indicated that run-off from farms as well as household waste were the dominant pollutants in the local rivers. In addition, pollution from fertilizer run-off made up to 50 percent of the water run-off pollution. Other farming chemicals such as pesticides were significant water pollutants in the region thus confirming diffuse water pollution due to farming activities as the main water pollutant in rural areas. Silt and wash-off from fields causes eutrophication whereby water bodies tend to fill up and aquatic life is harmed due to impaired respiration and suffocation. Agro-based industries are mentioned as major sources of pollution in rural areas. According to Narendra (2010), effluents from agro-based industries have a striking role in pollution of water in rural areas. This is in combination with the already mentioned excessive application of chemical fertilizers. Narendra (2010) further reports that an assessment of 179,999 ground water sites in 26 states contains pollutants such as fluoride, nitrate, salinity, arsenic and iron as per a report by the department of Drinking Water Supply. Pollution in River Hindon is said to emanate from up to 28 agro-based industries. The release of chemicals from agro-based industries causes change in water pH as well as foaming thus interfering with the aquatic environment. Release of agrochemicals such as DDT pollutes water and the chemicals are passed through the food chain to human beings. Organic pollution especially from sewage is also a common source of water pollution in rural areas. The organic content in sewage promotes proliferation of microorganisms that pollute water by causing disease as well as using up oxygen contained in water as they decompose the organic substances. Oxygen depletion leads to an imbalanced aquatic ecosystem. Organic water pollutants in rural areas can also emanate from decomposing plants, pastures as well as livestock waste. It is important to identify that untreated organic waste such as sewage or farm runoffs introduce disease causing organisms such as bacteria and protozoan and diseases such as dysentery are a predictable outcome. To put extra emphasis on the contribution of agricultural wastes as water pollutants in rural areas, it is worth considering a country such as China. China stocks the largest number of pigs in the world (470 million pigs as compared to 950 million world pig stock) (Qing, 2007). China is also a leader in production of poultry and goats and therefore forming the largest water pollutant country. It is identified that most of the waste coming from the livestock farming activities is not treated well with pig farms discharging a lot of wastewater. The waste water from poultry and pig farms has low temperature and mire which is mainly organic leads to oxygen depletion once introduced into water bodies. It is estimated that if China continues to practice poultry and livestock farming, rural water pollution from these sources will exceed pollution from fertilizer and domestic wastes. Causes of water pollution in urban areas Urban areas usually depend on ground water as stored underground tanks. The main causes of water pollution in urban areas are leaking pipes and contamination from water and sewage being close. Since urban water is sourced from a particular point, contamination at the source is also a major phenomenon. Human waste, industrial effluents as well as household wastes have are important sources of water pollution in urban areas. Urban areas, just like rural areas, have runoff especially after rainfall and these contain pollutants that are of great concern. Sediments are a common component of urban runoff and these constitute the greatest components of urban water pollutants. Most sediment originates from the construction industry which thrives in most urban areas. The runoff may also contain other substances such as rubber, and automobile wastes (Environmental Health and Safety Online, 2009). Petroleum products are the main automobile wastes and these contain hydrocarbons. Other constituents of urban runoff include anti-icing chemicals, heavy metals, disease causing organisms such as bacteria, as well as organic materials. Pathogens and organic materials emanate from sewage, spoilt septic tanks, and grass and leaves. A notable source of organic waste is pet wastes whereas use of fertilizer in lawns and kitchen gardens is also common in urban areas. Nutrient pollutants like fertilizers and organic wastes enhance growth of microorganisms and decomposition of wastes thus causing a decrease in dissolved oxygen. These consequentially render aquatic life unbearable. An increase in fertilizer and pesticide pollution in Bagmati River in Kathmandu city of Nepal is a good example of an urban source of water pollution. It is also indicated that Bagmati River experiences direct discharge of industrial and domestic untreated wastes released from Patan city as indicated by an increase in faecal coliform in the polluted areas. This is an important difference in sources of urban water pollution because water from rural regions of Bagmati has normal chemistry and coliform numbers (SEARO. , n. d). Release of sewage without treatment or with poor treatment into water bodies in urban areas has the potential to introduce disease causing organisms such as coliform bacteria. Nitrates are found to be high even in treated sewage and therefore it is a great challenge as urban source of water contamination. Phosphates are also introduced in water bodies as a result of poorly treated sewage. Phosphates are notorious in speeding up the growth of algae as evidenced in the Broads Lake in the UK. As the Broads was expanding in terms of population increase, an increase in sewage with high content of phosphates was experienced with some of the sewage gaining way into the Broads Lake. Consequently, there was a spurt in algae growth whereas water plants died eventually disturbing the lake’s ecosystem (Srinivas, 2010). A similar phenomenon has been experienced in Lake Biwa in Japan where an excess of phosphorous and nitrogen led to excessive growth of algae as well as eutrophication. As earlier noted, urban areas depend on ground water which is prone to various forms of contamination. For instance, leaking oil from storage tanks and leaking sewage lines that are in close proximity with water pipes can end up polluting ground water. On another note, garbage can be intentionally dumped into water bodies or the mere garbage dump can end up contaminating surface water. Since urban areas usually have industries, the industries may cause water pollution indirectly by emitting gases like sulphur dioxide that cause acid rain. Acid rain ends up disturbing water chemistry and this is hazardous to living organisms. According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2005, para 3), â€Å"pavement and compacted areas, roofs, and reduced tree canopy and open space increase runoff volumes† eventually contaminating water significantly. In addition to increase in runoff volume the runoff is also at a high velocity thus increasing water pollution through increased erosion of stream banks, and depositing sediments in streams. The channels through which the high velocity runoff passes through are also incised leading to an increase in sediment deposition. Runoff from urban areas has a higher potential off causing water pollution since there exists no forests or grasslands to enhance water filtration into the ground as compared to such conditions in rural areas. Urban landscapes are nonporous thus there exists almost no opportunity for runoff to percolate. EPA also notes that runoff from highly developed urban areas can lead to increased water temperatures thus adversely affecting aquatic life and the quality of water in affected streams. If a wastewater treatment plant is not maintained well or if it is poorly cited, then there is the risk of causing water pollution in urban areas. Industrial wastes and emissions are a serious concern due to their contribution in water pollution in urban areas. With most urban areas having industries, industrial pollutants have been of major concern. It is noted that most industries are likely to be located close to water sources for industrial process (TutorVista, 2010). Unfortunately, these same industries end up mismanaging the precious resource by introducing hazardous chemicals. Industrial wastes include acids and alkalis, heavy metals like cadmium in addition to chemicals such as ammonia. Acids and alkalis alter the pH of water whereas detergents cause increased turbidity that has the potential to intoxicate aquatic organisms. Some of the industries cause an increase in water temperature which can be lethal to aquatic life. This is common with power plants and industries that use a lot of water for cooling purposes. It is also a common phenomenon to find oil spills in lakes and oceans. Although this cannot be purely be defined as an urban source of water pollution, it is important to know that oil spills can occur in lake regions located in urban areas. Furthermore, oil refineries can be located offshore and oil spills can occur. Oil spills lead to death of aquatic organisms since the oil covers the surface of water preventing oxygen from penetrating (TutorVista, 2010). Conclusion Looking at the main sources of water pollution in urban and rural areas, it is evident that runoff dominate as the main source of contaminant. It is clearly evident that water pollution in rural areas is point form pollution whereas pollution in urban areas is mainly nonpoint form. However, the content of the runoff differ with rural runoff contain contaminants that are mainly agricultural-based whereas urban areas have industrial-based runoff. In rural areas, runoff mainly contains fertilizer compounds such as nitrates and phosphorous causing a proliferation in algae and water plants. The consequent eutrophication leads to oxygen depletion and death of aquatic life. Runoff from livestock farms also introduces organic compounds that are lead to oxygen depletion as they are decomposed by microorganism. In urban areas, runoff is mainly composed of sediments from construction industries as well as industrial and automobile wastes. Urban runoff is more detrimental since percolation is rare unlike in the vegetated rural areas. Acid rain is a possible water pollutant in urban areas due to emission of noxious gases from the many industries in rural areas. In both rural and urban areas, human waste from poorly treated or untreated sewage is emergent as a popular water pollutant. Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses are also evident as water pollutants in both rural and urban areas as introduced by human and animal waste. Bibliography Environmental Health and Safety Online. (2009). Causes and control of water pollution in urban areas. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. ehso. com/ehshome/WaterPollution_Urban.htm Environmental Protection Agency. (2005). National management measures to control nonpoint source pollution from urban areas. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. epa. gov/nps/urbanmm/ Krantz, D. and Kifferstein, B. (nd). Water pollution and society. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. umich. edu/~gs265/society/waterpollution. htm Murray, P. (2010). Controlling diffuse water pollution in rural areas. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. netregs. gov. uk/netregs/100797. aspx Narendra, C. (2010, Mar. 10). Water pollution in surface resources and rural areas. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. mynews. in/News/Water_Pollution_in_Surface_Resources_and_Rural_Areas_N40334. html Nkwonta, O. I. and Ochieng, G. M. (2009). Water pollution in Soshanguwe environs of South Africa. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 56: 499-503. Qing, C. (2007). Urban & rural water pollution: hazard & control. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. ecosanres. org/icss/proceedings/presentations/51–CHEN-Qing–EN. pdf SEARO. (n. d). National Environmental & Health Action Plan: Environmental problems. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. searo. who. int/LinkFiles/National_Environment_&_Health_Action_Plan_chp9a. pdf Srinivas, H. (2010). Urban water pollution. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. gdrc. org/uem/water/watershed/urban-water-pollution. html TutorVista. (2010). Water pollution. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from http://www. tutorvista. com/content/biology/biology-ii/environment-and-environmental-problems/water-pollution. php World Factbook. (2010). Environment – current issues. Retrieved 14, Aug. 2010 from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032. html

I Gained A New Perspective On Gathering Information Essay

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